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Root
A root is a lexical morpheme bearing the main signification of a word, when said word is made of several morphemes. It’s the smallest lexical unit which allows to formulate similar words: a French speaker will therefore notice that chat (“cat”), chaton (“kitten”) and chatière (“cat door”) are related. In the same way: juste (“fair”), injuste (“unfair”), justice, justement (“exactly”), injustice, justicier (“justiciary”), etc. In this case, the root is just(e)- to which different affixes are added to make up new words.
As for the adjective juste, certain words can only be made out of one root.
Note: the term “stem” is also used to talk about morphemes but there’s a difference between those two notions: a root is indivisible whereas the stem is opposed to grammatical affixes. For example, in “justicier”, the root is -just- but the stem is “justicier”. The words “justicier-s” and “justicièr-e” can be formed by adding suffixes marking the plural or feminine form (the latter leading to a change of the stem).