{"id":56160,"date":"2011-09-08T17:47:17","date_gmt":"2011-09-08T15:47:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/?page_id=56160"},"modified":"2011-09-08T17:47:17","modified_gmt":"2011-09-08T15:47:17","slug":"casamance-creole","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/casamance-creole\/","title":{"rendered":"Casamance Creole"},"content":{"rendered":"

Page created by No\u00ebl-Bernard Biagui<\/strong>, INALCO<\/a> PhD in association with the LLACAN<\/a>, 2010.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Data on the language<\/h5>\n

Alternative names<\/strong>: Kriyol, Lingu Kristo\u014b.<\/p>\n

Classification<\/strong>: Portuguese-based Creole language of West Africa (CPAO)<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Main dialects<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

Very few intern variations are accounted for (Creole spoken in Ziguinchor city, Sindone, Niaguis, Fanda, Ad\u00e9ane, Kougnoundou, Djifanghor, Agniak).<\/p>\n

Geographical area<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

Casamance Creole is spoken in West Africa, in Casamance (southern Senegal)<\/strong>, in the Ziguinchor Region (Ziguinchor city, Sindone, Niaguis, Fanda, Ad\u00e9ane, Kougnoundou, Djifanghor, Agniak).<\/p>\n

Number of speakers<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

Estimates account for some 50,000 speakers (Ch\u00e2taigner 1963:54).<\/p>\n

Language status<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

Casamance Creole is a non-official language<\/strong>, and it is not taught in school<\/strong>. It is the trade language for thousands of speakers of Baynunk, Jola, Mankanya, Manjack (etc.)<\/p>\n

Vitality & Transmission<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

Casamance Creole remains the mother tongue of a fair number of children, though it faces decline <\/strong>in favor of Wolof, Maninka, and French.<\/p>\n

Media\/Literature\/Education<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

A one-hour weekly radio program (\u201cHousewife\u201d) airs on the RTS (\u201cRadio T\u00e9l\u00e9vision du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal\u201d) in Ziguinchor.<\/p>\n

Casamance Creole is also used in Catholic religious education (catechism is conducted partly in Creole in most of the churches in Ziguinchor, as well as in Creole-speaking villages, hence the production of a few Creole catechesis textbooks).<\/p>\n

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Ethnographic observations<\/h5>\n

The majority of Casamance Creole speakers belong to the Baynunk <\/strong>ethnic group, and are Catholics.<\/p>\n

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Linguistic observations<\/h5>\n

Casamance Creole appeared in the course of the 17th century with the establishment of the Ziguinchor presidio (trading post), during the Portuguese colonisation, and bears strong similarities with the current Creoles of Guinea-Bissau (Cacheu), Cape Verde (Cape Verdean), and the Netherlands Antilles (Papiamentu).<\/p>\n

The structure of Casamance Creole is in SVO (Subject-Verb-Object). Its morphology is regular, with a significant amount of vocabulary from Romance and African languages.<\/p>\n

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Sources & Bibliography<\/h5>\n

BIAGUI, N. B. (th\u00e8se en cours), Description g\u00e9n\u00e9rale du cr\u00e9ole afro-portugais parl\u00e9 \u00e0 Ziguinchor (Casamance)<\/em>, Dakar \/ Paris: Universit\u00e9 Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) \/ Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (INaLCO).<\/p>\n

CHATAIGNER, A., \u00ab Le cr\u00e9ole portugais du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal : Observations et textes \u00bb, Journal of African languages<\/em>, Vol. 2, part I, 1963, pp. 44-71.<\/p>\n

DONEUX, J. L., Syst\u00e8mes phonologiques des langues de Casamance et fran\u00e7ais parl\u00e9 par les \u00e9l\u00e8ves casaman\u00e7ais du CM1 (cours moyen premi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e)<\/em>, Dakar, CLAD (Centre de Linguistique Appliqu\u00e9e de Dakar), 1979, 82 p.<\/p>\n

ROUGE, J. L., En apprenant le cr\u00e9ole \u00e0 Bissau ou Ziguinchor<\/em>, l\u2019Harmattan, Paris, 1988, 113 p.<\/p>\n

ROUGE, J. L., Formation et \u00e9volution du cr\u00e9ole de Guin\u00e9e Bissao et de Casamance<\/em>, Universit\u00e9 de Lyon II, 1985.<\/p>\n

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