{"id":56144,"date":"2011-09-08T17:35:41","date_gmt":"2011-09-08T15:35:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/?page_id=56144"},"modified":"2011-09-12T10:46:35","modified_gmt":"2011-09-12T08:46:35","slug":"guinea-bissau-creole","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/guinea-bissau-creole\/","title":{"rendered":"Guinea-Bissau Creole"},"content":{"rendered":"

Page created by Nicolas Quint<\/strong>, research associate in African linguistics, and No\u00ebl-Bernard Biagui<\/strong>, (LLACAN<\/a> PhD, CNRS-UMR 8135 \/ INaLCO<\/a>), 2010<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Data on the language<\/h5>\n

Name of the language<\/strong>: Guinea-Bissau Creole<\/p>\n

Alternative names<\/strong>: Afro-Portuguese Creole of Guinea-Bissau, Kriyol (in Guinea-Bissau Creole)<\/p>\n

Classification<\/strong>: Afro-Portuguese Creole of West Africa<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This language belongs to the same family as Casamance Creole<\/a>, Cape Verdean<\/a>, and Papiamentu<\/a>. It is particularly close to Casamance Creole.<\/p>\n

Main dialects<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

– Bissau Creole (that of the city of Bissau)<\/p>\n

– Geba and Farim Creoles<\/p>\n

– Cacheu Creole<\/p>\n

Geographical area<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

In Guinea-Bissau<\/strong>, Guinea-Bissau Creole (in fact the dialect of the city of Bissau) serves as a first language in the actual city of Bissau (capital) and in most cities in the country, and serves as a trade language in the rest of Guinea-Bissau.<\/p>\n

Guinea-Bissau Creole is also spoken by groups established in Senegal (district of Til\u00e8ne in Ziguinchor, town of Goudomp, S\u00e9dhiou area, Kolda Region).<\/p>\n

Number of speakers<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

At least 500,000 as a first language, and over a million considering speakers who use Guinea-Bissau Creole daily as a trade language.<\/p>\n

Language status<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

Guinea-Bissau Creole has a dominant status<\/strong> in the oral sphere<\/strong> of Guinea-Bissau<\/strong>, although Portuguese does remain the country\u2019s main language in education and administration (in spite of a few experiments in bilingual literacy teaching \u2013 Guinea-Bissau Creole\/Portuguese \u2013 especially in certain Catholic private schools).<\/p>\n

Vitality & Transmission<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

Guinea-Bissau Creole is expanding significantly, and is about to replace local African languages for the children and youngsters of numerous parts of the country, including rural areas. Immigration from Guinea-Bissau maintains Guinea-Bissau Creole spoken in Senegal.<\/p>\n

Media\/Literature\/Education<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

The language is used on the radio and television, concurrently with Portuguese.<\/p>\n

Historical, ethnographic, and sociolinguistic observations<\/h5>\n

Varieties of Guinea-Bissau Creole were probably spoken as mother tongues back in the 17th century in the Portuguese trading posts of Cacheu, Geba, Bissau, and Joal, on the Serer coast (where the local Creole disappeared in the 19th century), and perhaps even in Gor\u00e9e, Rufisque, and Saint-Louis.<\/p>\n

The debate raging among creolists regarding the origins of Creole in the Guinea-Bissau and Senegal areas aims to determine whether these idioms actually developed there, or if they originated from Cape Verdean (imported onto the continent by the Cape Verdean merchants who came along with the Portuguese).<\/p>\n

Modern Guinea-Bissau Creole shares one and the same Afro-Portuguese background<\/strong> with the other Afro-Portuguese Creoles of West Africa<\/strong>, but has also been affected by the influence of Guinea-Bissau adstrats<\/strong> (Balanta, Mankanya, Mandinka, Manjack, Papel, etc.)<\/p>\n

\n

Linguistic observations<\/h5>\n

Guinea-Bissau Creole is an analytical type-SVO language<\/strong>. It shows analytical causative verbal extension (in \u2013VntV), which, among the other Afro-Portuguese Creoles of West Africa, is only observed in Casamance Creole.<\/p>\n

Guinea-Bissau Creole (Bissau dialect) involves a process of vocalic closure<\/strong> on Portuguese items, which draws a distinction from Casamance Creole and Cape Verdean: Bissau Creole \u00ab algi\u014b \u00bb, someone vs. Casamance Creole \u00ab alge\u014b \u00bb and Cape Verdean \u00ab algem \u00bb.<\/p>\n

\n

Sources & Bibliography<\/h5>\n

ANDRADE, Ernesto, GOMES, Alfredo, TEIXEIRA, In\u00eas (1999) : \u00ab\u00a0Observa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre o Sistema Acentual do Crioulo da Guin\u00e9-Bissau (CGB)\u00a0\u00bb, In\u00a0:\u00a0Ernesto ANDRADE e Alain KIHM (orgs) : Actas do Col\u00f3quio sobre Crioulos de base lexical portuguesa<\/em>. Lisbonne\u00a0: Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Colibri, \u00a0pp 135-140.<\/p>\n

BIASUTTI, Pe. Artur (1981)\u00a0: Vokabulari Kriol-Purtug\u00ees<\/em>. Bafat\u00e1 : Miss\u00e3o Cat\u00f3lica de Bafat\u00e1.<\/p>\n

BULL, Benjamin Pinto (1975)\u00a0:\u00a0Le Cr\u00e9ole de la Guin\u00e9e-Bissau. Structures Grammaticales, Philosophie et Sagesse a travers ses Surnoms, ses Proverbes et ses Expressions<\/em>. Dakar\u00a0: Facult\u00e9 des Lettres et Sciences Humaines.<\/p>\n

CHAPOUTO, Sandra Marisa (2007)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Fonologia do guineense\u00a0\u00bb. Tese de Mestrado. Co\u00efmbre\u00a0: Universidade de Coimbra.<\/p>\n

COUTO, Hildo Hon\u00f3rio (1994)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0O Crioulo Portugu\u00eas da Guin\u00e9-Bissau\u00a0\u00bb. Hambourg : Helmut Buske Verlag.<\/p>\n

COUTO, Hildo Hon\u00f3rio\u00a0(1995) : \u00ab\u00a0Exclusive particles (ideophones) in Guinea-Bissau creole\u00a0\u00bb. In : Philip BAKER (org)\u00a0: From contact to creole and beyond<\/em>. 1 ed. Londres : University of Westminster Press, v. 1, pp. 207-215.<\/p>\n

COUTO, Hildo Hon\u00f3rio (1996) : \u00ab\u00a0O componente nasal das consoantes pr\u00e9-nasalizadas do crioulo da Guin\u00e9-Bissau: um caso de extrassilabicidade?\u00a0\u00bb. Porto Allegre, Letras de Hoje, v. 31, n. 2, pp. 119-128.<\/p>\n

HOLM, John and INTUMBO, Incanha (2009)\u00a0: Quantifying superstrate and substrate influence, In: Journal of pidgin and Creole Languages<\/em> 24\u00a0:2. Amsterdam\/Philadelphie\u00a0: John Benjamins Publishing Company, pp. 218-274.<\/p>\n

INTUMBO, Incanha (2007)\u00a0:\u00a0Estudo comparativo da morfossintaxe do crioulo de base Portuguesa e Espanhola<\/em>. Co\u00efmbre\u00a0: Universidade de Coimbra.<\/p>\n

KIHM, Alain\u00a0(1980) :\u00a0Aspects <\/strong>d\u2019une syntaxe historique. Etudes sur le cr\u00e9ole portugais de Guin\u00e9e-Bissau<\/em>. Th\u00e8se de Doctorat de 3e<\/sup> cycle. Paris\u00a0: Sorbonne Nouvelle.<\/p>\n

KIHM, Alain (1994)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Kriyol Syntax: the Portuguese-based creole language of Guinea-Bissau\u00a0\u00bb. Amsterdam\/Philadelphie: John Benjamins.<\/p>\n

MBODJ, Ch\u00e9rif (1979)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Phonologie du cr\u00e9ole de Guin\u00e9e-Bissau\u00a0\u00bb. Dakar\u00a0: Centre de Linguistique Appliqu\u00e9e de Dakar (CLAD).<\/p>\n

PECK, Stephen Madry (1988) :\u00a0Tense, aspect and mood in Guinea-Casamance Portuguese Cr\u00e9ole<\/em>, PhD Thesis. Los Angeles\u00a0: University of California, USA 476 p.<\/p>\n

ROUGE, Jean Louis\u00a0(1988a) : En apprenant le cr\u00e9ole \u00e0 Bissau ou Ziguinchor<\/em>. Paris\u00a0: l\u2019Harmattan, 113 p.<\/p>\n

ROUGE, Jean Louis\u00a0(1988b)\u00a0: Petit dictionnaire \u00e9tymologique du kriol de Guin\u00e9e Bissau et de Casamance<\/em>. Bissao\u00a0: INEP, Bissau, 163 p.<\/p>\n

ROUGE, Jean Louis\u00a0(1985)\u00a0:\u00a0Formation et \u00e9volution du lexique du cr\u00e9ole portugais de Guin\u00e9e Bissau et de Casamance<\/em>. Th\u00e8se de Doctorat. Lyon\u00a0: Universit\u00e9 Lyon 2, 192 p.<\/p>\n

SCANTAMBURLO, Luigi (1981)\u00a0: Gram\u00e1tica<\/em> e dicion\u00e1rio da l\u00edngua criol da Guin\u00e9-Bissau (GCr)<\/em>. Bologne: Editrice Missionaria Italiana.<\/p>\n

SCANTAMBURLO, Luigi (1999)\u00a0: Dicion\u00e1rio guineense.<\/em> Volume I: Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o e notas Gramaticais. Lisbonne: Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Colibri, Faspebi, 218 p.<\/p>\n

SCANTAMBURLO, Luigi (2002)\u00a0: Dicion\u00e1rio do Guineense<\/em>. Vol. II: Dicion\u00e1rio Guineense- Portugu\u00eas. Disionariu guinensi-purtuguis. Lisbonne: Edi\u00e7\u00f5es Colibri, Faspebi.<\/p>\n

SEMEDO, Odete da Costa (1996a)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Entre o ser e o amar\u00a0\u00bb. Bissao: Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisa (Inep). Pref\u00e1cio de Carlos Lopes. (S\u00e9rie liter\u00e1ria, Colec\u00e7\u00e3o Kebur, v. 3).<\/p>\n

WILSON, William Andr\u00e9 Auquier (1962)\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0The Crioulo of Guin\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Page created by Nicolas Quint, research associate in African linguistics, and No\u00ebl-Bernard Biagui, (LLACAN PhD, CNRS-UMR 8135 \/ INaLCO), 2010. Data on the language Name of the language: Guinea-Bissau Creole Alternative names: Afro-Portuguese Creole of Guinea-Bissau, Kriyol (in Guinea-Bissau Creole) Classification: Afro-Portuguese Creole of West Africa. This language belongs to the same family as Casamance […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-56144","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nGuinea-Bissau Creole - Sorosoro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/guinea-bissau-creole\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Guinea-Bissau Creole - Sorosoro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Page created by Nicolas Quint, research associate in African linguistics, and No\u00ebl-Bernard Biagui, (LLACAN PhD, CNRS-UMR 8135 \/ INaLCO), 2010. Data on the language Name of the language: Guinea-Bissau Creole Alternative names: Afro-Portuguese Creole of Guinea-Bissau, Kriyol (in Guinea-Bissau Creole) Classification: Afro-Portuguese Creole of West Africa. This language belongs to the same family as Casamance […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/guinea-bissau-creole\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Sorosoro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2011-09-12T08:46:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/guinea-bissau-creole\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/guinea-bissau-creole\/\",\"name\":\"Guinea-Bissau Creole - Sorosoro\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2011-09-08T15:35:41+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2011-09-12T08:46:35+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/guinea-bissau-creole\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/guinea-bissau-creole\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/guinea-bissau-creole\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Guinea-Bissau Creole\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/\",\"name\":\"Sorosoro\",\"description\":\"Pour que vivent les langues du monde !\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Guinea-Bissau Creole - Sorosoro","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/guinea-bissau-creole\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Guinea-Bissau Creole - Sorosoro","og_description":"Page created by Nicolas Quint, research associate in African linguistics, and No\u00ebl-Bernard Biagui, (LLACAN PhD, CNRS-UMR 8135 \/ INaLCO), 2010. Data on the language Name of the language: Guinea-Bissau Creole Alternative names: Afro-Portuguese Creole of Guinea-Bissau, Kriyol (in Guinea-Bissau Creole) Classification: Afro-Portuguese Creole of West Africa. This language belongs to the same family as Casamance […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/guinea-bissau-creole\/","og_site_name":"Sorosoro","article_modified_time":"2011-09-12T08:46:35+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"5 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/guinea-bissau-creole\/","url":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/guinea-bissau-creole\/","name":"Guinea-Bissau Creole - Sorosoro","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/#website"},"datePublished":"2011-09-08T15:35:41+00:00","dateModified":"2011-09-12T08:46:35+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/guinea-bissau-creole\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/guinea-bissau-creole\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/guinea-bissau-creole\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Guinea-Bissau Creole"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/","name":"Sorosoro","description":"Pour que vivent les langues du monde !","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/56144","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=56144"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/56144\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=56144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}