{"id":5499,"date":"2009-11-10T21:18:04","date_gmt":"2009-11-10T20:18:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/?page_id=5499"},"modified":"2010-08-03T16:42:37","modified_gmt":"2010-08-03T14:42:37","slug":"oto-manguean-languages","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/oto-manguean-languages\/","title":{"rendered":"Oto-Manguean language family"},"content":{"rendered":"
Where are Oto-Manguean languages spoken?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

These languages are spoken in Central America, in Central and Southern Mexico (i.e. in the states of Mexico, Oaxaca, Guanajuato, Chiapas, Puebla, Hidalgo, Quer\u00e9taro and Guerrero).<\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

Who speaks Oto-Manguean languages?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

They are spoken by indigenous populations of America, which inhabited the region long before its colonization by Europeans.<\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

Total number of speakers (estimates):<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Approximately 2,000,000 according to the Ethnologue<\/a> website.<\/p>\n

UNESCO<\/a>\u2019s data is too fragmented to calculate a global estimate.<\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

Classification:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The Oto-Manguean language family includes 23 or 24 active languages.<\/p>\n

Western Oto-Manguean sub-family<\/span><\/p>\n

Oto-Pamean-Chinantecan branch<\/p>\n

Oto-Pamean group<\/p>\n

Mazahua<\/strong>: 115,000 speakers according to UNESCO and 350,000 according to SIL<\/p>\n

Otomi <\/strong>(dialect group): 225,800 speakers according to UNESCO<\/p>\n

Chichimeca Jonaz<\/strong><\/a>: 1,641 speakers according to INALI and 1,200 according to SIL<\/p>\n

Matlatzinca<\/strong> (also known as Pirinda): 651 speakers according to UNESCO and 1,300 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

Ocuilteco<\/strong> (also known as Tlahuica and Atzingo): 405 speakers according to UNESCO<\/p>\n

Pame<\/strong> (Mexico): 7,700 speakers according to UNESCO and 9,966 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

Chinantecan group<\/p>\n

Chiltepec Chinantec<\/strong>: 4,000 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

Ojitl\u00e1n Chinantec<\/strong>: 22,000 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

Palantla<\/strong> Chinantec<\/strong>: 12,000 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

Quiotepec<\/strong> Chinantec<\/strong>: 8,000 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

San Juan Lalana<\/strong> Chinantec<\/strong>: 10 500 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

Usila<\/strong> Chinantec<\/strong>: 9 000 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

Tlapanecan-Manguean branch<\/p>\n

Tlapanecan-Subtiaban group<\/p>\n

Subtiaba<\/strong>: extinct<\/p>\n

Tlapanecan<\/strong> (dialect group): 23,652 speakers according to UNESCO<\/p>\n

Manguean group<\/p>\n

Chiapaneco<\/strong>: extinct according to UNESCO and 17 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

Mangue<\/strong>: extinct<\/p>\n

Eastern Oto-Manguean sub-family<\/span><\/p>\n

Popolocan-Zapotecan branch<\/p>\n

Popolocan group<\/p>\n

Chocho<\/strong><\/a>: 350 speakers according to UNESCO, 920 speakers according to the Latin Union and 770 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

Ixcateco<\/strong>: 535 speakers according to INALI and 119 according to SIL<\/p>\n

Mazateco<\/strong> (dialect group): 165,596 speakers according to UNESCO and 174,000 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

Popoloca<\/strong>: 13,298 speakers according to UNESCO and 23,200 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

Zapotecan group (Oaxaca)<\/p>\n

Chatino<\/strong><\/a>: 40,722 speakers according to the Latin Union and 23,000 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

Zapoteco<\/strong> (dialectal group): 785,000 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

Amuzgo branch<\/p>\n

Amuzgo<\/strong><\/a> (dialect group, Guerrero & Oaxaca): 29,000 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

Mixtecan branch<\/p>\n

Cuicateco<\/strong> (Oaxaca): 11,765 speakers according to UNESCO and 10,000 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

Mixteco<\/strong> (Guerrero, Puebla, Oaxaca): 511,000 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

Trique<\/strong> (Oaxaca): 23,000 speakers according to SIL<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

Observations on the classification of Oto-Manguean languages:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

We have followed Campbell\u2019s classification system (Campbell, 1997).<\/p>\n

The number of Oto-Manguean languages varies between 23 and 174, depending on the sources consulted and on the criteria used to distinguish a language from a dialect. The Ethnologue website, for example, cites 14 Chinantecan languages and 53 Mixtecan languages.<\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

Are Oto-Manguean languages endangered?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

UNESCO classifies several Oto-Manguean languages as endangered.<\/p>\n

Subtiaba<\/strong> and Mangue<\/strong>, two languages belonging to this family that were once spoken in Nicaragua and Costa Rica, are now extinct.<\/p>\n

C<\/strong>hiapaneco<\/strong>, once spoken in Chiapas, is also probably extinct.<\/p>\n

Among the active Oto-Manguean languages, Matlazinca<\/strong>, Ocuilteco<\/strong>, Pame<\/strong>, Chocho<\/strong> and Popoloca<\/strong> are considered severely endangered, or even critical.<\/p>\n

Most of the other active Oto-Manguean languages are \u201cvulnerable\u201d according to UNESCO: for the time being, they are not endangered, but they could become endangered in the future.<\/p>\n

Mixteco<\/strong> and Zapoteco<\/strong> are the two exceptions, with 2.1 million speakers between them. Yet certain dialectical variations of these two languages are disappearing.<\/p>\n

There is no available information on the vitality of the languages belonging to the Chinantecan<\/strong> group, which are spoken in the region of Oaxaca. However, with the entire group totalling only 90,000 speakers, we can assume that the languages are \u201cvulnerable\u201d at the very least.<\/p>\n

.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sources:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Campbell, Lyle (1997). American Indian languages: the historical linguistics of Native America<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n

Ethnologue<\/a> website<\/a><\/p>\n

INALI<\/a> website<\/p>\n

Latin Union<\/a> website<\/p>\n

UNESCO<\/a> website<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Where are Oto-Manguean languages spoken? These languages are spoken in Central America, in Central and Southern Mexico (i.e. in the states of Mexico, Oaxaca, Guanajuato, Chiapas, Puebla, Hidalgo, Quer\u00e9taro and Guerrero). . Who speaks Oto-Manguean languages? They are spoken by indigenous populations of America, which inhabited the region long before its colonization by Europeans. . […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5499","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nOto-Manguean language family - Sorosoro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/oto-manguean-languages\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oto-Manguean language family - Sorosoro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Where are Oto-Manguean languages spoken? These languages are spoken in Central America, in Central and Southern Mexico (i.e. in the states of Mexico, Oaxaca, Guanajuato, Chiapas, Puebla, Hidalgo, Quer\u00e9taro and Guerrero). . 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