{"id":5492,"date":"2009-11-10T21:14:26","date_gmt":"2009-11-10T20:14:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/?page_id=5492"},"modified":"2010-03-30T17:12:23","modified_gmt":"2010-03-30T15:12:23","slug":"nilo-saharian-languages","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/nilo-saharian-languages\/","title":{"rendered":"Nilo-Saharian languages"},"content":{"rendered":"
Where are Nilo-Saharan languages spoken?<\/h5>\n

These languages are spoken<\/p>\n

–\tin Eastern Africa, mainly along the Lower Nile (Sudan and Ethiopia) and all the way to Tanzania and Kenya ;<\/p>\n

–\tin the centre, in the Democratic Republic of Congo and along the Chari River (Central African Republic and Chad) ;<\/p>\n

–\tto the West, in Benin and Nigeria ;<\/p>\n

–\tin the North-West, in an area going from Algeria to Mali.<\/p>\n

Total number of speakers (estimates)<\/h5>\n

Approximately 11 million according to SIL\u2019s website ethnologue.com<\/p>\n

Classification:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Nilo-Saharian languages tree<\/span> (click to enlarge)<\/p>\n

\"Nilo<\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

This group has, today 175 languages.<\/p>\n


\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Saharan language<\/span>s<\/p>\n

Zaghaw<\/strong> (alternative name: Beria), \tKanembu<\/strong>, Kanuri, Dazaga, Tedaga<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Fur Languages<\/span><\/p>\n

Amdang, Fur<\/strong><\/p>\n

Central Sudanic<\/span><\/p>\n

Kunama, Berta<\/strong><\/p>\n

Central Eastern Branch or Lendu-Mangbetu<\/p>\n

Lendu<\/p>\n

Bendi, Lendu, Ngiti<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mangbetu<\/p>\n

Asoa, Lombi, Mangbetu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mangbetu-Efe<\/p>\n

Efe, Lese, Mamvu, Mangbutu, Mvuba, Ndo<\/strong><\/p>\n

Moru-Madi<\/p>\n

Aringa, Avokaya, Keliko, Logo, Lugbara, Omi, Moru, Ma\u2019di, Southern Ma\u2019di , Olu\u2019bo<\/strong><\/p>\n

Central Western Branch or Bongo-Kresh<\/p>\n

Bongo-Bagirmi<\/p>\n

Bongo, Baka, Mo\u2019da, Morokodo, Nyamusa-Molo, \tBeli, Jur Modo, Mittu, Furu, Gula, Yulu, Bagirmi, Berakou, Disa, Gula, Jaya, Kenga, Morom, Naba, Sara Kaba D\u00e9m\u00e9, Sara Kaba N\u00e1\u00e0, Kulfa, Sara Dunjo, Sara Kaba, Bedjond, Dagba, Gor, Gulay, Horo, Kaba, Laka, Mango, Mbay, Ngam, Ngambay, Sar, Lutos, Vale, Birri, Fongoro, Sinyar,<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kresh<\/p>\n

Aja, Gbaya<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eastern Sudanic (see above)<\/p>\n

Eastern Branch<\/p>\n

Eastern Jebel<\/p>\n

Aka, Kelo, Molo, Gaam<\/strong><\/p>\n

Daju<\/p>\n

Logorik, Shatt, Baygo, Dar Daju Daju, Dar Fur Daju, Dar Sila Daju, Njalgulgule<\/strong><\/p>\n

Temein<\/p>\n

Temein, Tese<\/strong><\/p>\n

Surmic<\/p>\n

Majang, Kwegu, Me\u2019en, Mursi, Suri, Didinga, Narim, Murle, Tennet, Kacipo-Balesi<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nilotic<\/p>\n

Eastern Nilotic<\/p>\n

Bari, Kakwa, Mandari, Dongotono, Lango, Lokoya, Lopit, Otuho, Maasai, Ngasa, Samburu, Teso, Karamojong, Nyangatom, Toposa, Turkana<\/strong><\/p>\n

Southern Nilotic<\/p>\n

Kupsabiny, Sabaot, Kipsigis, Markweeta, Terik, Aramanik, Keiyo, Kisankasa, Mediak, Mosiro, Nandi, Tugen, Okiek, P\u00f6koot, Datooga, Omotik.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Western Nilotic<\/p>\n

Dinka, Nuer, Anuak, Belanda Bor, Shilluk, Thuri, P\u00e4ri, Adhola, Kumam, Alur, Acholi, Lango , Dholuo, Lwoo, Burun, Kenjeje (alternative names: Yaali), Masalit, Subarkhal, Runga-Kibet, Maba, Marfa, Karanga, Jumjum, Mabaan.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Western Branch<\/p>\n

Nyimang<\/p>\n

Afitti, Ama,<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tama<\/p>\n

Mararit, Assangori.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nara<\/p>\n

Nara<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nubian<\/p>\n

Birked, Kenuzi-Dongola, Ghulfan, Kadaru, Dair, Dilling, El Hugeirat, Karko, Wali, Nobiin, Midob.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kuliak Languages<\/p>\n

Ik<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ngangea-So<\/p>\n

Nyang\u2019i<\/strong><\/p>\n

Soo<\/strong><\/p>\n

Comments on the classification<\/strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n

We have based our classification on the work of Greenberg, reviewed by Bender, which is regarded as conventional. However, we have used Dimmendaal\u2019s work for Koman and Songhay, which he leaves out of the Nilo-Saharan group. Also, contrary to Bender, Dimmendaal does not treat Kadu as a Nilo-Saharan subgroup, but instead as an independent language family (isolate).<\/p>\n

Dimmendaal (to appear) considers that the Kuliak languages are of the primary branch of the Nilo-Saharan. These languages are otherwise generally classified in the eastern branch of the eastern Sudanic languages.<\/p>\n

It should be noted that internal and external classifications of this group are subject to controversy, the very existence of the group being sometimes questioned.<\/p>\n

Are Nilo-Saharan languages endangered ?<\/strong><\/p>\n

This section will be developed subsequently.<\/p>\n

Ethnographic elements<\/span><\/p>\n

This section will be developed subsequently.<\/p>\n

Linguistic details<\/span><\/p>\n

This section will be developed subsequently.<\/p>\n

Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gerrit Dimmendaal, 2008. “Language Ecology and Linguistic Diversity on the African Continent<\/em>“, Language and Linguistics Compass<\/em> 2\/5:842.<\/p>\n

Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. 2007. \u201cEastern Sudanic and the Wadi Howar and Wadi el Milk Diaspora<\/em>\u201d. Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika 18: 37-67.<\/p>\n

Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. Dimmendaal. To appear. \u201cNilo-Saharan and its limit<\/em>s\u201d. In Jean-Marie Hombert and Gerard Philippson (eds.), The Genetic Classification of African Languages Revisited<\/em>.<\/p>\n

Joseph H. Greenberg. 1963. The Languages of Africa<\/em>, International journal of American linguistics,<\/p>\n

Bender, Lionel. 2000. \u201cNilo-Saharan<\/em>\u201d in African Languages<\/em> – An Introductio<\/em>n, Bernd Heine and Derek Nurse (eds), Cambridge University Press<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Where are Nilo-Saharan languages spoken? These languages are spoken – in Eastern Africa, mainly along the Lower Nile (Sudan and Ethiopia) and all the way to Tanzania and Kenya ; – in the centre, in the Democratic Republic of Congo and along the Chari River (Central African Republic and Chad) ; – to the West, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5492","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nNilo-Saharian languages - Sorosoro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/nilo-saharian-languages\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nilo-Saharian languages - Sorosoro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Where are Nilo-Saharan languages spoken? 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