{"id":5304,"date":"2009-11-10T18:52:52","date_gmt":"2009-11-10T17:52:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/?page_id=5304"},"modified":"2010-02-05T12:48:07","modified_gmt":"2010-02-05T11:48:07","slug":"arawa-languages","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/arawa-languages\/","title":{"rendered":"Arawan or Arauan languages"},"content":{"rendered":"

Page revised by S.Dienst, 2009.<\/em><\/p>\n

Information about Arauan languages<\/h4>\n
Where are the Arawan languages spoken\u00a0?<\/h5>\n

These languages are spoken in the states of Amazonas and Acre in Brazil and also in Peru.<\/p>\n

Number of speakers (estimates)\u00a0:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

6891 speakers UNESCO data<\/p>\n

About 4620 speakers according to Dixon (1999)<\/p>\n

Classification<\/strong><\/h5>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Arawan language family consists of the following languages (in bold) and dialects (in italic) :<\/p>\n

Madih\u00e1<\/strong> dialect continuum:<\/p>\n

Kulina<\/em>: <\/strong>4500 speakers according to UNESCO and 2500 according to Dixon<\/p>\n

Western Jamamadi<\/em><\/p>\n

Deni<\/em>: <\/strong>875 speakers according to UNESCO and 1000 according to Dixon<\/p>\n

Madi<\/strong>: 1 090 speakers according to UNESCO and 420 according to Dixon<\/p>\n

<\/strong>Eastern Jamamadi<\/em> <\/strong>dialect<\/p>\n

<\/strong>Banaw\u00e1<\/em> <\/strong>dialect<\/p>\n

<\/strong>Jarawara<\/em> <\/strong>dialect<\/p>\n

\n

Araw\u00e1:<\/strong> extinct<\/p>\n

Suruwah\u00e1<\/strong>: 136 speakers according to UNESCO and 100 according to Dixon<\/p>\n

Paumari\u00a0: <\/strong>290 speakers according to UNESCO and 600 according to Dixon<\/p>\n

Comments on the Arawan languages\u2019 classification:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

We have chosen Dienst\u2019s (2008) classification, according to which Madih\u00e1 and Madi are more closely related to each other than to the other languages of the family.<\/p>\n

These languages are not known to be related to any other language.<\/p>\n

Are the Arawan languages endangered?<\/strong><\/h5>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

All of the Arawan languages are endangered.<\/p>\n

According to UNESCO, the most endangered one is Paumari, considered \u00a0\u00ab\u00a0severely endangered\u00a0\u00bb (third level on a scale of five).<\/p>\n

Ethnographic elements:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

There are few common cultural characteristics between the speakers of these different languages. Yet, we can give some common features: traditionally they are fishermen and hunters with a semi-nomad way of life and they live in primary equatorial forests . They also practice slash-and-burn agriculture on a small scale.<\/p>\n

The Paumari have traditionally lived in floating houses. The other groups used to build communal houses which housed an entire village. This type of dwelling only survives among the Suruwah\u00e1. Most indigenous people in the region now live in wooden stilt houses, introduced by non-indigenous settlers.<\/p>\n

But the cities’ development and the industrial exploitation of forests (for rubber) have disrupted their lives. Diseases, deforestation, lack of resources and assimilation by urban centres seriously threaten these populations, although some of them, such as the Kulina, manage to keep alive their culture and to protect partially their way of life. <\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

For further information on Arawan speakers see also:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/pib.socioambiental.org\/en\/povo\/paumari<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/pib.socioambiental.org\/en\/povo\/jamamadi<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/pib.socioambiental.org\/en\/povo\/jarawara<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/pib.socioambiental.org\/en\/povo\/deni<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/pib.socioambiental.org\/en\/povo\/kulina<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

http:\/\/pib.socioambiental.org\/en\/povo\/zuruaha<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Sources<\/strong><\/h4>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dienst, Stefan. (2008). \u201cThe internal classification of the Arawan languages.\u201d LIAMES <\/em>8.<\/p>\n

Dixon, R.M.W. (1999). \u201cAraw\u00e1\u201d in R.M.W. Dixon and Alexandra Y.Aikhenvald (Eds), The Amazonian Languages<\/em>, (PP 293-306), Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n

.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Page revised by S.Dienst, 2009. Information about Arauan languages Where are the Arawan languages spoken\u00a0? These languages are spoken in the states of Amazonas and Acre in Brazil and also in Peru. Number of speakers (estimates)\u00a0: 6891 speakers UNESCO data About 4620 speakers according to Dixon (1999) Classification The Arawan language family consists of the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5304","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nArawan or Arauan languages - Sorosoro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/arawa-languages\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arawan or Arauan languages - Sorosoro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Page revised by S.Dienst, 2009. 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