{"id":49608,"date":"2011-06-04T22:32:05","date_gmt":"2011-06-04T20:32:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/?page_id=49608"},"modified":"2011-06-04T22:33:38","modified_gmt":"2011-06-04T20:33:38","slug":"ofaye","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/ofaye\/","title":{"rendered":"Ofay\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Data collected by the UNICEF<\/em><\/p>\n

Data on the Ofay\u00e9 language<\/h5>\n

Alternative names<\/strong>: Ofai\u00e9, opay\u00e9, opai\u00e9, fae, ofai\u00e9-xavante, guachi, guaxi.<\/p>\n

\u201cOfay\u00e9\/Opai\u00e9\u201d (with a central consonant uttered between the \u201cp\u201d and \u201cf\u201d sounds) corresponds to the autoethnonym. \u201cXavante\u201d (\u201cMen of the savanna\u201d) which was the name given by Portuguese colonists to several distinctive populations. The Ofay\u00e9 should not be mistaken for the Xavante of the J\u00ea family.<\/em><\/p>\n

Classification<\/strong>: Phylum Macro-J\u00ea<\/a><\/p>\n

We are following Rodrigues here, who includes the Ofay\u00e9 language, which in fact was for a long time considered as isolated, in a \u201cmacro-J\u00ea\u201d family including the J\u00ea languages themselves and other isolated families or languages such as the Kamak\u00e3, Maxakal\u00ed, Kren\u00e1k, Pur, Kariri families and the Guato and Rikbaktsa isolated languages.<\/em><\/p>\n

This \u201cphylum Macro J\u00ea\u201d is a hypothesis now considered as highly possible despite the lack of data on some of those languages.<\/em><\/p>\n

Geographic area<\/strong>: Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul, Municipality of Brasil\u00e2ndia, mainly in the Ofay\u00e9-Xavante Indigeneous Territory and on the banks of the Rios Verde, Vacaris and Ivinhema.<\/p>\n

Number of speakers<\/strong>: According to the ISA, the global Ofay\u00e9 population would be constituted of approximately 60 people. The number of speakers probably doesn’t exceed fifteen people.<\/p>\n

Status of the language<\/strong>: No official status.<\/p>\n

According to Linguam\u00f3n<\/em>: \u201cPortuguese is Brazil’s only official language. The country’s only linguistic legislation concerning other tongues refers to schooling and is restricted to bilingual and intercultural primary education (exclusively in indigenous communities), although there are actually few trained bilingual teachers.\u201d<\/p>\n

Vitality and transmission<\/strong>: The language is considered as \u201ccritically endangered\u201d by the UNESCO, meaning it is on the verge of disappearing. Less than a third of the Ofay\u00e9 speak the ancestral language, others speak Portuguese or for some of them, Kaiowa.<\/p>\n

\n

Historical observations<\/h5>\n

Until the beginning of the 20th century, the Ofay\u00e9 population probably included thousands of people. In 1903, the population was estimated at 2,000 people. The Ofay\u00e9 were semi-nomad hunter-gatherers who lived in the savanna region along the borders of the Atlantic forest. Their traditional territory was spread out from Serra do Maracaju to high-Paran\u00e1.<\/p>\n

The progress of colonialism and development of breeding farms forced them to move more often from the beginning of the 19th century. The population drastically decreased during the 20th century. Evacuated and deported several times between the seventies and the late eighties, sent from reservation to reservation, on low quality lands without any rivers to fish from (essential activity for the Ofay\u00e9 economy), far from their original land, they have tried many times to settle on the rare non-exploited areas surrounding Parana or to \u201csquat\u201d in the farms established on their original territories, such as the Boa Esperen\u00e7a farm from which they were evicted by farmers, sometimes violently.<\/p>\n

\u201cStrangers on their own land\u201d according to former leader Ata\u00edde Xetih\u00e2-ha, they were struck by \u201cwestern\u201d diseases and malnutrition. In 1976, the newspaper O Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo published an article on a group of 24 sick, malnourished Ofay\u00e9 with no land and started drawing society’s attention to the fate awaiting them.<\/p>\n

Only since the late nineties did the Ofay\u00e9 manage to take over a small part of this territory. Their title deed is still waiting to be signed by the President of the Brazilian Republic.<\/p>\n

For more information on the Ofay\u00e9, see pages dedicated to them on the must-see Povos Ind\u00edgenas no Brasil website<\/em><\/a> (in English and Portuguese).<\/p>\n

\n

Sources<\/h5>\n

De Castro Alves, Fl\u00e1via (2010). Brasil no Amaz\u00f3nico<\/em>. In \u201cAtlas socioling\u00fc\u00edstico de pueblos ind\u00edgenas en Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/a>\u201d, UNICEF. Part 1, pp 265-280.<\/p>\n

Fabre, Alain. 2005. Diccionario etnoling\u00fc\u00edstico y gu\u00eda bibliogr\u00e1fica de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas sudamericanos<\/em>. Available online<\/a> [11\/05\/2011]<\/p>\n

\n

Online Sources<\/h5>\n

Data collected by the UNICEF on Ofay\u00e9<\/a> [11\/05\/2011]<\/p>\n

Pages dedicated to the Ofay\u00e9 on the Povos Ind\u00edgenas no Brasil<\/em> website<\/a> (English and Portuguese)\u00a0[11\/05\/2011]<\/p>\n

Page dedicated to the Ofay\u00e9 on the Linguam\u00f3n <\/em>website<\/a> [11\/05\/2011]<\/p>\n

\n

Additional bibliography<\/h5>\n

Dutra, Carlos Alberto dos Santos. 1996. Ofai\u00e9: morte e vida de um povo<\/em>. Campo Grande: Instituto Hist\u00f3rico e Geogr\u00e1fico do Mato Grosso do Sul.<\/p>\n

Gudschinsky, Sarah C. 1971. \u201cOfaie-Xavante, a J\u00ea language\u201d. Estudos s\u00f4bre l\u00ednguas e culturas ind\u00edgenas<\/em>: 1-16. Bras\u00edlia: SIL.<\/p>\n

Rodrigues, Ayron D. 1999. \u00ab Macro-J\u00ea \u00bb In R.M.W. Dixon and Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, (eds) The Amazonian languages<\/em>, Cambridge University Press.<\/p>\n

\n

See the Atlas socioling\u00fc\u00edstico de pueblos ind\u00edgenas en Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/a> and Fabre (2005)<\/a> for a complete bibliography.<\/p>\n

\n

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Data collected by the UNICEF Data on the Ofay\u00e9 language Alternative names: Ofai\u00e9, opay\u00e9, opai\u00e9, fae, ofai\u00e9-xavante, guachi, guaxi. \u201cOfay\u00e9\/Opai\u00e9\u201d (with a central consonant uttered between the \u201cp\u201d and \u201cf\u201d sounds) corresponds to the autoethnonym. \u201cXavante\u201d (\u201cMen of the savanna\u201d) which was the name given by Portuguese colonists to several distinctive populations. The Ofay\u00e9 should […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49608","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nOfay\u00e9 - Sorosoro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/ofaye\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ofay\u00e9 - Sorosoro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Data collected by the UNICEF Data on the Ofay\u00e9 language Alternative names: Ofai\u00e9, opay\u00e9, opai\u00e9, fae, ofai\u00e9-xavante, guachi, guaxi. \u201cOfay\u00e9\/Opai\u00e9\u201d (with a central consonant uttered between the \u201cp\u201d and \u201cf\u201d sounds) corresponds to the autoethnonym. \u201cXavante\u201d (\u201cMen of the savanna\u201d) which was the name given by Portuguese colonists to several distinctive populations. 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