{"id":49586,"date":"2011-06-04T21:47:46","date_gmt":"2011-06-04T19:47:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/?page_id=49586"},"modified":"2011-06-04T21:47:50","modified_gmt":"2011-06-04T19:47:50","slug":"siriono","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/siriono\/","title":{"rendered":"Sirion\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Data collected by the UNICEF<\/em><\/p>\n

Data on the Sirion\u00f3 language<\/h5>\n

Alternative names<\/strong>: Mbia, Chori<\/p>\n

\u201cMbia\u201d is the auto-ethnonym. \u201cChori\u201d is a pejorative term widely used by urban populations to talk about the people living in the forest.<\/em><\/p>\n

Main dialects<\/strong>:<\/p>\n

There currently are no Sirion\u00f3 dialects per se. It is possible that the Jor\u00e1 (or Hora) language, which appeared in the sixties, could in fact have been a Sirion\u00f3 dialect.<\/p>\n

Classification<\/strong>: Tupi family<\/a>, Tupi-guarani languages, group II<\/p>\n

Geographical area<\/strong>: Bolivia, Department of Beni, provinces of Cercado, Mamor\u00e9, Moxos and Itenez and the border of the department of Santa Cruz.<\/p>\n

Number of speakers<\/strong>: 187 speakers on a total population of 268 people, according to Crevels (2010). The global population could even rise to 400 by counting children under 15.<\/p>\n

Status of the language<\/strong>: According to the supreme decree 25894 of September 11th, passed in the year 2000, Sirion\u00f3 is one of the \u201cnative languages recognized as official\u201d in Bolivia.<\/p>\n

Teaching<\/strong>: Sirion\u00f3 is used in the local education which is bilingual during the two first years of primary school, before it slowly become monolingual in Spanish.<\/p>\n

Vitality and Transmission<\/strong>: The UNESCO considered Sirion\u00f3 as an endangered language.<\/p>\n

According to Crevels, the cross-generational transmittal of the language isn’t good and \u201cthe children, when they reach secondary school, loose their language even more.\u201d Still according to Crevels, Sirion\u00f3 is \u201cseriously endangered\u201d.<\/p>\n

\n

Historical and ethnographic observations<\/h5>\n

Two theories are opposed regarding the origin of Sirion\u00f3s. According to one of them, current Sirion\u00f3s would descent from Guarani populations who moved from the coastal forests of South Brazil to current Bolivia before the 16th century. Another theory says that they came from Paraguay, the same way Chiriguanos did, during the 16th century. They are close to the Jor\u00e1 and the Yuquis from which they would have parted 300 years ago.<\/p>\n

According to anthropologist Stearman, and unlike the Chiriguanos, the Sirion\u00f3s have increased their nomadism faced with the colonial pressure and Spanish conquistadors. They have therefore avoided any contact with the colonial society for a long time.<\/p>\n

In the forties, anthropologist Allan Homberg stayed with the Sirion\u00f3s. This anthropological work is considered as a classic of anthropological literature. He showed that under the looks of a nomad population of hunters-gatherers, the Sirion\u00f3 society has a complex and developed relationship to the natural environment they live in.<\/p>\n

Half-nomad hunters-gatherers by tradition, the Sirion\u00f3s live in a mostly forested environment, in the Bolivian part of the Amazon forest. Hunting, a prestigious activity, fishing and gathering are progressively loosing their importance because their environment is deteriorating. It is more threatened everyday by deforestation, farm estates and animal farming, and the road running from Trinidad to Santa Cruz.<\/p>\n

They also do slash-and-burn farming at a small scale and beekeeping, honey being a major trade resource for Sirion\u00f3 communities.<\/p>\n

The Sirion\u00f3s People Council is a member of the Center of Indigenous Peoples of Beni<\/a>, which plays an important role in the indigenous movements of protest in Bolivia. In 1990, they got a collective property title over a territory of over 60 000 hectares.<\/p>\n

Although they say they are mostly “evangelists”, they really combine several practices and beliefs from they ancestral mythology.<\/p>\n

For more information on the Sirion\u00f3 people, see the pages dedicated to them on the website Amazonia.bo<\/em><\/a> (in Spanish).<\/p>\n

\n

Sources<\/h5>\n

Crevels, Mily (2010) Bolivia Amaz\u00f3nica<\/em> In \u00ab Atlas socioling\u00fc\u00edstico de pueblos ind\u00edgenas en Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/a> \u00bb, UNICEF. Tome 1, pp 281-300.<\/p>\n

Fabre, Alain. 2005. Diccionario etnoling\u00fc\u00edstico y gu\u00eda bibliogr\u00e1fica de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas sudamericanos<\/em>. Available online<\/a> [04\/05\/2011]<\/p>\n

\n

Online sources<\/h5>\n

Data collected by the UNICEF on Sirion\u00f3<\/a> [04\/05\/2011]<\/p>\n

\n

Additional bibliography<\/h5>\n

Holmberg, Allan R. 1948. The Sirion\u00f3<\/em>. HSAI 3: 455-463.<\/p>\n

Holmberg, Allan R. 1950. Nomads of the long bow. The Sirion\u00f3 of Eastern Bolivia<\/em>. Washington: Smithsonian Institution.<\/p>\n

Molina, Ramiro y Xavier Alb\u00f3. 2006. Gama \u00e9tnica y ling\u00fc\u00edstica de la poblaci\u00f3n boliviana<\/em>. La Paz: Sistema de las Naciones Unidas en Bolivia.<\/p>\n

PROEIB Andes. 2000. Estudios socioling\u00fc\u00edsticos y socioeducativos con pueblos originarios de tierras bajas de Bolivia<\/em>. Informe final. Cochabamba (Mimeo).<\/p>\n

Stearman, Allyn. 1987. No longer nomads: the sirion\u00f3 revisited<\/em>. Hamilton Press, I 66p.<\/p>\n

Teijeiro, Jos\u00e9. 2007. Regionalizaci\u00f3n y diversidad \u00e9tnica cultural en las tierras bajas y sectores del subandino amaz\u00f3nico y platense de Bolivia<\/em>. La Paz: Plural Editores.<\/p>\n

\n

See the Atlas socioling\u00fc\u00edstico de pueblos ind\u00edgenas en Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/a> and Fabre (2005)<\/a> for a complete bibliography.<\/p>\n

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Data collected by the UNICEF Data on the Sirion\u00f3 language Alternative names: Mbia, Chori \u201cMbia\u201d is the auto-ethnonym. \u201cChori\u201d is a pejorative term widely used by urban populations to talk about the people living in the forest. Main dialects: There currently are no Sirion\u00f3 dialects per se. It is possible that the Jor\u00e1 (or Hora) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49586","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nSirion\u00f3 - Sorosoro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/siriono\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sirion\u00f3 - Sorosoro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Data collected by the UNICEF Data on the Sirion\u00f3 language Alternative names: Mbia, Chori \u201cMbia\u201d is the auto-ethnonym. \u201cChori\u201d is a pejorative term widely used by urban populations to talk about the people living in the forest. 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