{"id":46763,"date":"2011-04-30T02:02:42","date_gmt":"2011-04-30T00:02:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/?page_id=46763"},"modified":"2011-04-30T02:02:42","modified_gmt":"2011-04-30T00:02:42","slug":"xeta","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/xeta\/","title":{"rendered":"Xet\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Data collected by UNICEF<\/em><\/p>\n

\n

Data on <\/strong>Xet\u00e1<\/h5>\n

Alternative names: <\/strong>Cheta, Heta, Seta, Ar\u00e9, Yvapar\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Classification: <\/strong>Tupi family<\/a>, Tupi-Guarani languages, group 1<\/p>\n

The position of Xet\u00e1 within group 1 of the Tupi-Guarani languages hasn\u2019t always drawn consensus. We hereby follow Jensen (1999).<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Geographical area: <\/strong>Brazil, states of Paran\u00e1, Santa Catarina and S\u00e3o Paulo.<\/p>\n

There is no longer a Xet\u00e1 community with a distinctive territory; the last speakers of Xet\u00e1 live in cities or different communities (Kaingang among others).<\/p>\n

The Xet\u00e1 originally lived in the Northwest of the area today known as Paran\u00e1; along Rio Iva\u00ed and its tributaries.<\/p>\n

Number of speakers<\/strong>: It is believed that there are only 3 speakers left on a population of 8, according to Silva (2003).<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Language status: <\/strong>No official status.<\/p>\n

As opposed to most indigenous languages to Brazil, Xet\u00e1 bears no official recognition, no measures of protection, promotion, or bilingual education.<\/p>\n

Vitality & transmission:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Xet\u00e1 is clearly on the brink of extinction. There are allegedly only 3 elderly speakers left and the language is no longer handed down. The Xet\u00e1 have already virtually disappeared as an ethnic group; if their language disappears, there will be nothing left of their culture.<\/p>\n

\n

Historical & ethnographic observations<\/strong><\/h5>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

The Xet\u00e1 are the last ethnic group of southern Brazil to have encountered colonial society. In the 1950s, as agricultural colonization and forest exploitation reached and rapidly destroyed their territory, one group of men, weary of constantly having to escape the \u00ab\u00a0colonial front\u00a0\u00bb, ended up in contact with farmers of a fazenda. Estimations of the total Xet\u00e1 population at the time of contact range between 200 and 400 souls. Less than three decades later, the Xet\u00e1 had almost totally disappeared.<\/p>\n

The rapid colonization of Paran\u00e1, the creation of the Itaipu dam, flooding the reservation they had been attributed, the massive destruction of their natural environmental and the diseases carried by the colonists but also the murders perpetrated by local famers got the better of the Xet\u00e1 society, of which very few members survived.<\/p>\n

There may be no more than 8 of them today, three women and five men, all from one same family. There could also be 4 other survivors, according to Povos Ind\u00edgenas no Brasil<\/em>. A meeting organized by the ISA<\/a> gathered survivors of the Xet\u00e1 community in 1997; up to this day, all of them were unaware of each other\u2019s existence and the ties they shared. The meeting led to a claim of recognition of the Xet\u00e1 people by the Brazilian state, compensation for the lands lost and the prejudice suffered by the community. Claims that have generated no follow-up at this point.<\/p>\n

\n

Sources<\/strong><\/h5>\n

De Castro Alves, Fl\u00e1via (2010). Brasil no Amaz\u00f3nico<\/em>. In \u00ab\u00a0Atlas socioling\u00fc\u00edstico de pueblos ind\u00edgenas en Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/a> \u00bb, UNICEF. Tome 1, pp 265-280.<\/p>\n

Fabre, Alain. 2005. Diccionario etnoling\u00fc\u00edstico y gu\u00eda bibliogr\u00e1fica de los pueblos ind\u00edgenas sudamericanos<\/em>. Available onlin<\/a>e\u00a0[28\/04\/2011]<\/p>\n

\n

Online sources<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Data collected by UNICEF on Xet\u00e1<\/a> [28\/04\/2011]<\/p>\n

Pages devoted to Xet\u00e1 on the Povos Ind\u00edgenas no Brasil <\/em>website<\/a><\/p>\n

Data collected by UNESCO on Xet\u00e1<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

Additional bibliography<\/strong><\/h5>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Helm, Cec\u00edlia Maria Vieira. 1994. Os Xet\u00e1: a trajet\u00f3ria de um grupo tupi-guarani em extin\u00e7\u00e3o no Paran\u00e1<\/em>. Anu\u00e1rio Antropol\u00f3gico 92: 105-112. Rio de Janeiro: Tempo Brasileiro.<\/p>\n

Jensen, Cheryl. 1999.\u201dTupi-Guarani<\/em>\u201d.Dans The Amazonian languages<\/em>, R.M.W. Dixon and Alexandra Y.Aikhenvald (eds) Cambridge University Press, 1999<\/p>\n

Maranh\u00e3o, Maria Fernanda C. 1989. Etnoarqueologia Xet\u00e1. Monografia de Especializa\u00e7\u00e3o em Antropologia Social<\/em>. Curitiba: UFPR.<\/p>\n

Silva, Carmen Lucia da. 2003. Em busca da sociedade perdida: o trabalho da mem\u00f3ria Xet\u00e1<\/em>. Tese de doutorado. Bras\u00edlia: UnB.<\/p>\n

\n

Refer to Atlas socioling\u00fc\u00edstico de pueblos ind\u00edgenas en Am\u00e9rica Latina<\/a> and Fabre (2005)<\/a> for a more comprehensive bibliography.<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Data collected by UNICEF Data on Xet\u00e1 Alternative names: Cheta, Heta, Seta, Ar\u00e9, Yvapar\u00e9. Classification: Tupi family, Tupi-Guarani languages, group 1 The position of Xet\u00e1 within group 1 of the Tupi-Guarani languages hasn\u2019t always drawn consensus. We hereby follow Jensen (1999). Geographical area: Brazil, states of Paran\u00e1, Santa Catarina and S\u00e3o Paulo. There is no […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-46763","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nXet\u00e1 - Sorosoro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/xeta\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Xet\u00e1 - Sorosoro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Data collected by UNICEF Data on Xet\u00e1 Alternative names: Cheta, Heta, Seta, Ar\u00e9, Yvapar\u00e9. Classification: Tupi family, Tupi-Guarani languages, group 1 The position of Xet\u00e1 within group 1 of the Tupi-Guarani languages hasn\u2019t always drawn consensus. 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