{"id":22759,"date":"2010-07-05T15:13:09","date_gmt":"2010-07-05T13:13:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/?page_id=22759"},"modified":"2010-07-05T15:29:05","modified_gmt":"2010-07-05T13:29:05","slug":"aragonese","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/aragonese\/","title":{"rendered":"Aragonese"},"content":{"rendered":"

Data gathered by <\/em>portalingua.info<\/a><\/em>, the Latin Union website.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n

Data on Aragonese<\/strong><\/h5>\n


\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alternative names:<\/strong> fabla, patu\u00e9s<\/p>\n

\n

Classification: <\/strong>Indo-European language family<\/a>, Romance language, variation of Spanish<\/p>\n

\n

Area:<\/strong> Autonomous Community of Aragon<\/p>\n

\n

Number of speakers<\/strong>: 30 000<\/p>\n

Leclerc (2001) estimates between 11 000 and 30 000 speakers. SIL data agrees with Leclerc\u2019s estimate, and specifies 11 000 active speakers, as well as 20 000 speakers whose second language is Aragonese. The SIL data is based on a census provided by the Council of the Aragonese Language. The website redaragon.com mentions 12 000 active speakers and 40 000 passive speakers. The website Mercator estimates exactly 11 824 speakers, according to a source from 1981.<\/p>\n

\n

Language status<\/strong>: Almost non-existent in institutions.<\/p>\n

\n

Vitality & transmission:<\/strong><\/p>\n

UNESCO considers Aragonese to be in danger.<\/p>\n

\n

Media sources:<\/strong><\/p>\n

At least five magazines<\/p>\n

Broadcasts on Catalunya Cultura and Radio Huesca (30 mins\u00a0\/week)<\/p>\n

A few books are published in Aragonese every year.<\/p>\n

\n

Education:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Optional extra-curricular subject, only taught in a select number of cities.<\/p>\n

Historical observations<\/strong><\/h5>\n

976 : \u00ab\u00a0Glosas Emilianenses\u00a0\u00bb, first written material containing references to forms of Aragonese.<\/p>\n

10th c.: Aragonese survives the Arabe invasion, but its development is blocked by the explosion of neighbouring Castilian.<\/p>\n

1194-1211 : \u00ab\u00a0Liber Regum\u00a0\u00bb, anonymous work containing traces of Aragonese.<\/p>\n

1205 : \u00ab\u00a0Razon feita d\u2019amor\u00a0\u00bb, anonymous lyrical poetry containing Aragonese words.<\/p>\n

1247 : Huesca Vidal de Canellas (bishop), \u00ab\u00a0Compilaci\u00f3n de Huesca\u00a0\u00bb et \u00ab\u00a0Vidal Mayor\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

14th c.: \u00ab\u00a0Cronica de San Juan de la Pe\u00f1a\u00a0\u00bb and works by Juan Fern\u00e0ndez de Heredia (1310-1396) in Aragonese: \u00ab\u00a0La Grant Cronica d\u2019Espanya\u00a0\u00bb, \u00ab\u00a0La Cronica de los Conqueridores\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

However, literary works are heavily influenced by Castilian at a very early stage, as are all official documents from the fifteenth century onwards.<\/p>\n

1412: The Castilian dynasty of the Trast\u00e0mara settles in Aragon, and contributes to the spread of Castilian. The wealthy and educated elite are \u00ab\u00a0castlianised\u00a0\u00bb, while the common people continue to speak Aragonese. 17th c.: Some writers, such as \u00ab\u00a0el Vicario de Cari\u00f1ena\u00a0\u00bb and Ana Abarca de Bolea, choose to make Aragonese an artistic language.<\/p>\n

18th c.: Aragonese is preserved in the North of Aragon. At this time, popular theater productions (called \u00ab\u00a0pastoradas\u00a0\u00bb) flourish.<\/p>\n

20th c.: While the usage of the language largely decreased, a few authors nevertheless choose to write in Aragonese: Domingo Miral, Cleto Torrodellas, Leonardo Escalona, Veremundo M\u00e9ndez, Pedro Arnal, Tonon de Baldomera, Jos\u00e9 Gracia, Nieus Luzia Dueso.<\/p>\n

In the 1970s, a literary movement promotes the emergence of a standard Aragonese, with the help of authors such as Anchel Conte Eduardo Vicente de Vera and Inazio Almud\u00e9bar. These authors draw from a shared written form (outlined in 1974) and from a grammatical system (1977).<\/p>\n

1987 : First Congress on the standardization of Aragonese.<\/p>\n

\n

Sociolinguistic observations<\/strong><\/h5>\n

The classification of Aragonese varies between \u00ablanguage\u00bb and \u00abdialect\u00bb. For many speakers, Aragonese is nothing more than badly spoken Spanish. This type of perception is a recurrent phenomenon whenever a regional or minority language exists alongside a prestigious standard language that resembles it typologically. Thus Campbell (2000) considers Aragonese to be a \u00ab\u00a0dying dialect\u00a0\u00bb of Spanish.<\/p>\n

The linguistic awareness of Aragonese speakers has traditionally been weak, but it has grown over the 20th century, thanks to the \u00ab\u00a0re-discovery\u00a0\u00bb of Aragonese in linguistic studies, and thanks to young militants fighting for its preservation.<\/p>\n

\n

Sources & Additional bibliography:<\/strong><\/h5>\n

ALCARAZ, Ramos M. (1999), El pluralismo ling\u00fc\u00edstico en la Constituci\u00f3n Espa\u00f1ola, Madrid, Congreso de los Diputados. ALVAR, Manuel (1953), El dialecto aragon\u00e9s, Madrid.<\/p>\n

ALVAR, Manuel (1973), Estudios sobre el dialecto aragon\u00e9s, Zaragoza.<\/p>\n

ALVAR, Manuel et al. (1979-1983), Atlas Ling\u00fcistico y Etnografico de Aragon, Navarra y Rioja, Madrid, 12 volumenes.<\/p>\n

ALVAR, Manuel (1996), \u00ab\u00a0Aragon\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb, in Manuel Alvar (dir.), Manual de dialectologia hisp\u00e0nica. El espa\u00f1ol de Espa\u00f1a, Editorial Ariel, Barcelona, pp. 263-292.<\/p>\n

CAMPBELL, George L. (2000), Compendium of the World\u2019s Languages, Routledge, London & New York, 1st ed. 1991, 2 vols.<\/p>\n

GARCIA DE DIEGO (1918), Caracteres fundamentales del dialecto aragon\u00e9s, Zaragoza.<\/p>\n

LECLERC, Jacques (2001), \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019Etat espagnol\u00a0\u00bb dans L\u2019am\u00e9nagement linguistique dans le monde, Qu\u00e9bec, TLFQ, Universit\u00e9 Laval.<\/p>\n

UMPHREY (1913), The Aragonese Dialect, Seattle.<\/p>\n

WALTER, Henriette (1994), L\u2019aventure des langues en Occident, Laffont.<\/p>\n

ZAMORA VICENTE, Alonso (1985), Dialectologia espa\u00f1ola, Madrid, Gredos, 1ere \u00e9d. 1960.<\/p>\n

\n

Links :<\/h5>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Aragon\u00e9s\u00a0\u00bb: http:\/\/www.redaragon.com\/sociedad\/otraslenguas<\/a><\/p>\n

Ethnologue Spain: http:\/\/www.sil.org\/ethnologue\/countries\/Spai.html#AXX<\/a><\/p>\n

Mercator Legislaci\u00f3: http:\/\/www.ciemen.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Aragonese school of Zaragoza \u2013 Nogar\u00e1 Association: http:\/\/wzar.unizar.es\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\n


\n<\/em> <\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Data gathered by portalingua.info, the Latin Union website. Data on Aragonese Alternative names: fabla, patu\u00e9s Classification: Indo-European language family, Romance language, variation of Spanish Area: Autonomous Community of Aragon Number of speakers: 30 000 Leclerc (2001) estimates between 11 000 and 30 000 speakers. 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