{"id":16408,"date":"2010-04-01T17:51:51","date_gmt":"2010-04-01T15:51:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/?page_id=16408"},"modified":"2010-04-01T17:51:51","modified_gmt":"2010-04-01T15:51:51","slug":"arha","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/arha\/","title":{"rendered":"Arh\u00e2"},"content":{"rendered":"

Data gathered by the Latin Union<\/a>, engaged to promote the cultural heritages of their 37 state members.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Data on Arh\u00e2<\/h5>\n

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Classification:<\/strong> Austronesian<\/a>, Oceanic, New Caledonia.<\/p>\n

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Area:<\/strong> New Caledonia (Grande Terre: commune of Poya)<\/p>\n

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Number of speakers:<\/strong> 50 (?)<\/p>\n

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The number of Arh\u00e2 speakers was estimated around 150 in 1946 but Haudricourt (1971) presents Arh\u00e2 as threatened with extinction. The 1996 census (rather unreliable in this region) counted 35 speakers, which is most probably underrated.<\/p>\n

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Language status:<\/strong> No official status.<\/p>\n

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Vitality & transmission:<\/strong> considered as in \u201ccritical situation\u201d by the UNESCO<\/p>\n

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Sociolinguistic & ethnographic observations<\/h5>\n

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Belongs to the aire coutumi\u00e8re<\/em> (\u201ctraditional sphere\u201d) of Aji\u00eb-Aro.<\/p>\n

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Arh\u00e2 and Arh\u00f6 share many features. Both languages are close to Aji\u00eb, and although there\u2019s no mutual understanding between them, Arh\u00e2 and Arh\u00f6 are often considered as Aji\u00eb dialect (La Fontinelle, 1976). They\u2019ve remained notoriously understudied in spite of the clear threat bearing upon these languages.<\/p>\n

Sources & additional bibliography<\/h5>\n

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D\u00e9l\u00e9gation g\u00e9n\u00e9rale \u00e0 la langue fran\u00e7aise et aux langues de France<\/p>\n

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ITSEE (Institut Territorial de la Statistique et des \u00c9tudes \u00c9conomiques), 1998, Panorama des Tribus, Notes et Documents, n\u00b078, 79, 80, Noum\u00e9a.<\/p>\n

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MOYSE-FAURIE Claire, 1991, Bibliographie linguistique de la Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie 1800-1990, ron\u00e9ot\u00e9, Etude des Soci\u00e9t\u00e9s Kanak (ESK)<\/p>\n

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O\u2019REILLY Patrick, 1955, Bibliographie de la Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie, Paris, Mus\u00e9e de l\u2019Homme (Publications de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Oc\u00e9anistes, 4), IX + 361 p.<\/p>\n

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RIVIERRE Jean-Claude, 1981, Linguistique \u2013 Notice linguistique de la Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie et carte (planche en couleur n\u00b0 19), Atlas de la Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie et D\u00e9pendances, Paris, ORSTOM.<\/p>\n

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HAUDRICOURT A.-G., 1971, New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands, Current Trends in Linguistics 8 Linguistics in Oceania (T.A. Sebeok ed.), La Haye\/Paris, Mouton, pp. 359-396.<\/p>\n

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HAUDRICOURT A.-G., J.-C. RIVIERRE, F. OZANNE-RIVIERRE, C. MOYSE-FAURIE and J. DE LA FONTINELLE, 1979, Les langues m\u00e9lan\u00e9siennes de Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie, Noum\u00e9a, D.E.C. (Eveil, 13), 105 p.<\/p>\n

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LEENHARDT Maurice, 1946, Langues et Dialectes de l\u2019Austro-M\u00e9lan\u00e9sie, Paris, Institut d\u2019Ethnologie (Travaux et M\u00e9moires, XLVI), XLVIII + 676 p.<\/p>\n

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MOYSE-FAURIE Claire, 1984, L\u2019opposition verbo-nominale dans les langues d\u2019Oc\u00e9anie, Mod\u00e8les linguistiques VI\/1, pp. 117-125.<\/p>\n

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MOYSE-FAURIE C. and F. OZANNE-RIVIERRE, 1983, Subject Case Markers and Word Order in New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands Languages, Papers from the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics 4: Thematic Variation, Canberra, The Australian National University (Pacific Linguistics, Series C, 77), pp. 113-152.<\/p>\n

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– 1999, Negation in New Caledonian languages, in U. Mosel and E. Hovdhaugen eds, Negation in Oceanic languages, Lincom.Europa, pp. 57-79.<\/p>\n

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OZANNE-RIVIERRE F., 1992, The Proto-Oceanic consonant system and the languages of New Caledonia, Oceanic Linguistics, 31\/2, pp. 191-207.<\/p>\n

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– 1994, L\u2019orientation dans l\u2019espace \u00e0 travers les langues kanak, Cahiers des Conf\u00e9rences de l\u2019ADCK, 2, Noum\u00e9a, Agence de D\u00e9veloppement de la Culture Kanak, pp.1-40.<\/p>\n

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– 2000, Terminologie de parent\u00e9 proto-oc\u00e9anienne, continuit\u00e9 et changement dans les langues kanak, in A. Bensa and I. Leblic (eds.), En pays kanak aujourd\u2019hui : arch\u00e9ologie, linguistique, ethnologie, histoire, Paris, Mission du Patrimoine ethnologique\/Ed. de la MSH, pp. 69-100.<\/p>\n

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OZANNE-RIVIERRE F. and RIVIERRE J.-C., 1989, Nasalization\/Oralization: Nasal Vowel Development and Consonant Shifts in New Caledonian Languages, in R. Harlow and R. Hooper eds, Papers from the Fifth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics (VICAL 1), Auckland, Linguistic Society of New Zealand, pp. 399-412.<\/p>\n

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MOYSE-FAURIE C., 2000, Langues minoritaires et politiques linguistiques : le cas des langues oc\u00e9aniennes, in M\u00e9moires de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de Linguistique de Paris, Les langues en danger, nouvelle s\u00e9rie, tome VIII, pp. 79-104.<\/p>\n

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SCHOOLING S., 1990, Language maintenance in Melanesia. Sociolinguistics and social networks in New Caledonia, SIL, the University of Texas at Arlington.<\/p>\n

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RIVIERRE J.-C., F. OZANNE-RIVIERRE and C. MOYSE-FAURIE, 1980, Mythes et contes de la Grande Terre et des \u00eeles Loyaut\u00e9 (Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie), Paris, SELAF (LACITO-Documents Asie-Austron\u00e9sie, 3), 225 p.<\/p>\n

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SAM L. D., 1999, Contes et l\u00e9gendes oc\u00e9aniens, Noum\u00e9a, ADCK.<\/p>\n

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Walepane Wanir, 1993, Aux Vents des \u00eeles, Noum\u00e9a, Agence de D\u00e9veloppement de la Culture Kanak (ADCK), 339 p.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Data gathered by the Latin Union, engaged to promote the cultural heritages of their 37 state members. Data on Arh\u00e2 Classification: Austronesian, Oceanic, New Caledonia. Area: New Caledonia (Grande Terre: commune of Poya) Number of speakers: 50 (?) The number of Arh\u00e2 speakers was estimated around 150 in 1946 but Haudricourt (1971) presents Arh\u00e2 as […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16408","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nArh\u00e2 - Sorosoro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sorosoro.org\/en\/arha\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arh\u00e2 - Sorosoro\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Data gathered by the Latin Union, engaged to promote the cultural heritages of their 37 state members. Data on Arh\u00e2 Classification: Austronesian, Oceanic, New Caledonia. 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